Encoding , in semiotics , is the process of creating a message for transmission by an addresser to an addressee. The complementary process – interpreting a message received from an addresser – is called decoding . The study of signs and their meaning in society is known as semiotics. A sign is something that can be used to represent something else – in other words, anything that has the ability to express meaning. As a result, words, drawings, photos, and even street signs can all be used as signs. Dress and style trends, the type of bag you carry, and even where you live can all be considered indicators in this regard.